The role of extraction time
When you prepare your coffee, you control the grind, the water temperature, the amount of coffee... but have you ever considered extraction time ? This often-overlooked variable plays a central role in the final taste of your cup. Too short or too long, and the entire aromatic balance is disrupted. Here's why this parameter deserves your full attention.
What is extraction time?
This is simply the length of time the water is in contact with the coffee. This varies depending on the method used:
- In espresso: between 25 and 35 seconds
- In filter (V60, Chemex, Origami, etc.): between 2 min 30 and 4 minutes
- Immersion (piston, Aeropress): between 3 and 5 minutes depending on the recipe
Extraction is a chemical process: water will first dissolve the most soluble compounds (organic acids, sugars), then gradually the heavier elements (bitter compounds, tannins, oils).
Too short, too long: what are the effects?
Under-extraction (time too short)
- Taste: sour, acidic, little body
- Problem: The water did not have time to extract enough aromas
- Possible causes: grind too coarse, water too cold, insufficient agitation
Over-extraction (time too long)
- Taste: bitter, astringent, dry in the mouth
- Problem: Water has extracted too much, especially bitter compounds
- Possible causes: grind too fine, water too hot, pouring too slowly
How to find the right balance?
The idea is to achieve optimal extraction , where the coffee reveals its best aromas: sugars, balanced acids, fruity, floral or chocolate notes, depending on the origin.
Here are some pointers:
| Method | Target extraction time | Advice |
|---|---|---|
| Espresso | 25 to 35 seconds | Adjust the grind and pressure |
| V60 | 2 min 30 to 3 min 30 | Circular movement, split payments |
| Chemex | 3 min 30 to 4 min 30 | A little coarser grind |
| Piston | 4 to 5 minutes | Pressure-free infusion, precise dosage |
Adjust to taste
One of the best ways to improve is to taste carefully and adjust your settings:
- Cup too acidic? Extend the time slightly or refine the grind.
- Cup too bitter? Shorten the brewing time a little or open the grind.
Every coffee is unique, and each recipe can be slightly adjusted to reveal its full potential.
Conclusion
Extraction time is a powerful lever for balancing your cup. It's not a technical detail reserved for experts, but a tool accessible to anyone who wants to get the most out of their coffee. With a little practice, you'll learn to feel it, adjust it... and make it a valuable ally for every brew.
For further information: coffee and caffeine .
